Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation Explained #93760 (License: Personal Use)

This diagram illustrates the oxidative phosphorylation process in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where electrons from NADH and FADH₂ pass through protein complexes (I-IV), driving proton (H⁺) translocation into the intermembrane space to form an electrochemical gradient. The resulting proton motive force powers ATP synthase (Complex V), converting ADP + Pᵢ into ATP as protons flow back into the matrix. Key components include coenzyme Q, cytochrome c, and oxygen as the final electron acceptor forming water.

Used in biology education, biochemistry textbooks, and medical or life-science websites to explain cellular respiration; targets students, researchers, and clinicians seeking mechanistic understanding of ATP production.