Photosynthesis Process Diagram: Light Reactions & Calvin Cycle Explained #210124 (License: Personal Use)

This educational illustration depicts the full photosynthetic pathway in chloroplasts: light excites electrons in Photosystem II (P680), initiating water splitting and oxygen release; electrons travel through the cytochrome b6f complex and Photosystem I (P700), pumping protons into the thylakoid lumen to drive ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis, while NADP⁺ is reduced to NADPH. These energy carriers then fuel the Calvin cycle in the stroma, fixing CO₂ into glucose.

Used in biology education-high school AP courses, college intro bio lectures, or science outreach-to explain photosynthetic mechanisms visually; matches user intent for understanding how plants convert light to chemical energy.