Digestive Hormone Regulation: CCK, Secretin, and the Sphincter of Oddi Explained #234099 (License: Personal Use)

The image illustrates key hormonal control mechanisms in upper gastrointestinal physiology: the duodenum releases cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin in response to intestinal phase stimuli; CCK triggers gallbladder contraction and relaxes the Sphincter of Oddi, while secretin stimulates hepatic duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid. These coordinated actions ensure efficient bile release and neutralization of acidic chyme entering the duodenum.

Used in medical education, gastroenterology resources, or physiology textbooks to explain neurohormonal regulation of digestion; matches user intent for understanding digestive enzyme/bile release mechanisms or preparing for exams like USMLE.