Plant Defense Mechanisms: Jasmonate Signaling and Electrical Communication #2326823 (License: Personal Use)

This diagram illustrates the plant’s systemic immune response triggered by herbivore attack: damage to a leaf opens GLR (glutamate receptor-like) ion channels, initiating electrical signaling that propagates through the plant. This signal stimulates jasmonate hormone synthesis, which coordinates defense responses-including chemical deterrents-in undamaged leaves. The process enables rapid, whole-plant protection without centralized control.

Used in educational biology resources, agriscience articles, or plant physiology webpages to explain induced systemic resistance; targets students, researchers, and gardeners seeking to understand natural pest defense strategies.