Ion Transport Across Cell Membranes: Passive and Active Mechanisms #1952498 (License: Personal Use)

The image shows two parallel lipid bilayers representing cellular membranes, each embedded with transmembrane proteins (green, blue, purple) facilitating ion transport. Green and blue spheres represent distinct ion types moving in response to electrochemical gradients, with positive (+) and negative (-) signs indicating membrane potential polarity. The top panel illustrates outward ion flow under depolarization, while the bottom shows inward flow during hyperpolarization or active transport.

Used in biology and physiology educational content, particularly for explaining membrane transport, action potentials, and neuronal signaling; targets students, educators, and researchers seeking visual reinforcement of electrophysiology concepts.