Shoulder Abduction Range of Motion: Anatomy & Muscle Activation #2163608 (License: Personal Use)

This medical illustration demonstrates the progressive biomechanics of shoulder abduction, showing skeletal alignment and muscle activation-including supraspinatus, deltoid, and serratus anterior-at three key angles. At 0°, the arm rests alongside the torso; at 90°, the scapula begins upward rotation; and at 180°, full overhead reach engages coordinated glenohumeral and scapulothoracic motion. The layered rendering clarifies joint articulation and soft-tissue contribution across the range.

Used in physical therapy guides, orthopedic education, athletic training resources, and kinesiology textbooks to explain functional shoulder mobility and assess ROM limitations or rehabilitation progress.