Calcium Signaling in Epithelial Cells During Shigella Invasion | Molecular Mechanism Diagram #3049569 (License: Personal Use)

Panel A depicts constitutive Ca²⁺ signaling involving extracellular receptors, PLC-mediated IP₃ production, ER Ca²⁺ release via Stim1/Orai channels, mitochondrial uptake, and downstream NF-κB/IL-8 activation. Panel B illustrates how Shigella flexneri triggers danger-sensing P2Y receptors and PLC activation, generating localized Ca²⁺ microdomains enriched with Calpain, Myosin II, and bacterial effectors to facilitate invasion and inflammatory response.

Used in academic or biomedical web pages discussing host-pathogen interactions, cellular immunology, or calcium signaling; targets researchers, students, and clinicians seeking mechanistic insight into infectious disease pathogenesis and intracellular signaling.