Healthy vs. Diseased Grapes: Botanical Illustration for Viticulture Study #3505844 (License: Personal Use)

This 19th-century-style engraving meticulously contrasts two grapevine branches: one bearing full, round, healthy berries with intact stems, the other displaying shriveled, blackened, and collapsed fruit indicative of disease such as botrytis or downy mildew. Fine cross-hatching emphasizes texture differences-smooth skin versus cracked, decayed surfaces-and highlights structural degradation in the affected cluster. The image serves as a diagnostic tool for identifying early-stage viticultural pathologies.

Used in agricultural extension materials, plant pathology textbooks, viticulture courses, and historical botany archives to visually teach grape disease identification; matches user intent for educational, diagnostic, or research purposes.