Water Molecular Structure: Polar Covalent Bonds and Hydrogen Bonding Explained #3645140 (License: Personal Use)

The diagram depicts three water molecules, emphasizing the polar covalent O-H bonds inside each molecule, where oxygen carries a partial negative charge (δ⁻) and hydrogens a partial positive charge (δ⁺). Red dashed lines represent hydrogen bonds formed between the δ⁺ hydrogen of one molecule and the δ⁻ oxygen of another. These interactions underpin water’s high boiling point, surface tension, and solvent capabilities.

Used in chemistry education resources, textbooks, and science websites to explain molecular polarity and intermolecular forces; targets students and educators seeking foundational knowledge of water’s physical chemistry.