Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces: Visual Explanation with Dipole Interactions #3645166 (License: Personal Use)

This diagram illustrates polar covalent bonds in HCl and H₂O, marked with δ⁺ and δ⁻ partial charges, and highlights how opposite partial charges attract across molecules-forming dipole-dipole interactions in HCl and hydrogen bonds in water. The distinction between strong intramolecular (covalent) bonds and weaker intermolecular forces is central to explaining physical properties like boiling point and solubility.

Used in chemistry education resources (textbooks, online courses, lecture slides) to teach molecular polarity, bonding types, and physical behavior of substances; matches user intent for visual learning of foundational chemistry concepts.