Photosynthesis Process: Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle Explained #3453223 (License: Personal Use)

The image depicts the light-dependent reactions occurring in the thylakoid membranes, where light energy splits water (H₂O) into oxygen (O₂), protons, and electrons, generating ATP and NADPH. These energy carriers then power the Calvin cycle in the stroma, where carbon dioxide (CO₂) is fixed into organic molecules, ultimately producing glucose (sugar). Arrows indicate the flow of reactants, products, and energy carriers between the two stages.

Used in biology education resources, textbook figures, or science websites explaining plant physiology; targets students, educators, and curious learners seeking foundational knowledge of photosynthesis.